Chem 30 Lab

Hess Law Lab DESIGN Aspect 1:Problem: What is the molar enthalpy of formation of magnesium oxide? Variables: Manipulated: None Responding: None Controlled: Isolation of calorimeter, concentrations of substances involved. Aspect 2:Background Information: Assumptions: Specific heat capacity of water, we assume that the acid has the same qualities as water including heat capacity, and we assume the enthalpy of formation for magnesium oxide from the data booklet for theoretical value. Hess’s Law: Hess' law states that the energy change for any chemical or physical process is independent of the pathway or number of steps required to complete the process provided that the final and initial reaction conditions are the same. In other words, an energy change is path independent, only the initial and final states being of importance. Waste disposal and safety: Corrosive substance which causes severe but delayed burns. DO NOT INGEST. Avoid Inhalation. Dispose as instructed by the lab technician or the teacher. Aspect 3:Apparatus Diagram: Figure from Inquiry into chemistry textbook pg 352 Materials: †¢1. 00 mol/L HCl(aq) †¢MgO(s) powder †¢Magnesium ribbon †¢Simple calorimeter †¢100 mL graduated cylinder †¢Scoopula †¢Electric balance †¢Thermometer †¢Sand paper Procedure: 1. Mg(s)+ O2(g) MgO(s) 2. MgO(s)+2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq)+H2O(l) 3. Mg(s)+2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq)+H2(g) 4. H2(g)+ O2(g) H2O(l) + 285. 8kJ Part 1: Determining ? H of Reaction (2) 1. Set up the simple calorimeter refer to figure 9. 16 above. Using a graduated cylinder, add 100 mL of 1. 00mol/L HCl(aq) to the calorimeter. 2. Record the initial temperature of the HCl(aq) to the nearest tenth of a degree. 3. Find the mass of no more than 0. 80 grams of MgO(s) powder. Record exact mass. 4. Add the MgO(s) powder to the calorimeter containing the HCl(aq) swirl the solution gently, recording the highest temperature reached. 5. Dispose as directed by teacher. Part 2: Determining ? H of reaction (3) 1. Using a graduated cylinder, add 100mL of 1. 00mol/L HCl to the calorimeter. 2. Record initial temp. of hydrochloric acid to the nearest tenth of a degree. 3. If you are using magnesium ribbon, sand ribbon to desired mass. Determine mass no more than 0. 50 grams of magnesium. Record the exact mass. 4. Add the Mg(s) to the calorimeter containing the HCl(aq). Swirl the solution gently, recording the highest temperature, tf , reached. 5. Dispose as directed. DATA COLLECTION & PROCESSING (DCP) Aspect 1:Recording Raw Data: Temperature of hydrochloric acid and mass of Magnesium oxide Mass of Magnesium oxide (g)Initial Temperature ( °C)Final Temperature ( °C) 0. 7523. 5029. 50 Temperature of hydrochloric acid and mass of magnesium Mass of magnesium (g)Initial Temperature ( °C)Final Temperature ( °C) 0. 4824. 0045. 00 Aspect 2:Processing Raw Data: Enthalpy change of Magnesium oxide MgO(s)+2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq)+H2O(l) Q=mc? t ? t= 29. 50 °C-23. 50 °C? t = 6  °C Q= (0. 00075kg) x x 6 °C Q= 0. 018855kJ/mol MgO Enthalpy change of magnesium reaction Mg(s) +2HCl(aq) MgCl2(aq)+H2(g) Q=mc? t ? t=45. 00 °C-24. 00 °C? t= 21 °C Q= (0. 00048kg) x x 21 °C Q= 0. 0422352kJ/mol Mg ?HH2O = -285. 8 kJ/mol (given in data booklet) ?Hrxn = 0. 018855kJ/mol MgO + 0. 0422352kJ/mol Mg + 285. 8kJ/mol H2O ?Hrxn = – [285. 86109] kJ/mol MgO ? H system = -? H surroundings %error= x 100% %error= %error= -52. 48%

Cosmopolitans and Locals

Cosmopolitans and locals â€Å"If there were only locals in the world, world culture would be no more than the sum of its separate parts†. Hannerz 1990:249 Ulf Hannerz (1990) argues that the world culture is created through the increasing interconnectedness of varied local cultures where people connect in different ways. He uses Robert Merton's cosmopolitan-local distinctions in a global context, to describe how people identify themselves with the global or not. The term `cosmopolitan' is often used rather loosely to describe just about anybody who moves around in the world. But of such people, Hannerz argue some would seem more cosmopolitans than others and others again hardly cosmopolitans at all. He describes a genuine cosmopolitanism as first of all an orientation – a willingness to engage with the other. The willingness to become involved with the other, and the concern with achieving competence in cultures, which are initially alien, is central. Being on the move is not enough to turn into a cosmopolitan. Due to this Hannerz ask a crucial question: Are tourists, exiles, business people and labour migrants cosmopolitans? And if not: Why? A contemporary writer, Paul Theroux (1986), comments that many people travel for the purpose of `home plus'. They seem cosmopolitans but are really locals at heart. Spain is home plus sunshine, India is home plus servants etc. For business people travel is ideally home plus more and better business. The `plus' has often nothing to do with alien systems of meaning, and a lot to do with facts of nature, such as nice beaches or sunshine. The exiles are often no real cosmopolitan either, because their involvement with an alien culture is something that has been forced on them. At best, life in another country is home plus safety or home plus freedom. For labour migrants going away may be home plus higher income and their involvement with another culture is a necessary cost to be kept as low as possible (Hannerz 1990). Transnational cultures today tend to be occupational cultures (and are often tied to transnational job markets). Konrad (1984) emphasises the transnational culture of intellectuals for instance. â€Å"The global flow of information proceeds on many different technical and institutional levels, but on all levels the intellectuals are the ones who know most about one another across the frontiers, who keep in touch with one another, and who feel that they are one another's allies†¦ † Konrad 1984: 208 Hannerz add that there are transnational occupational cultures also of bureaucrats, politicians, business people, journalists and diplomats, and various others. These people shift their bases for longer periods within their lives and wherever they go they'll find others who will interact with them in the terms of specialised but collectively held understandings. Hannerz argue that because of the transnational cultures, a large number of people are nowadays systematically and directly involved with more than one culture. The transnational and territorial cultures of the world are entangled with one another in manifold ways. Some transnational cultures are more insulated from local practises than others and the transnational cultures are also as wholes usually more marked by some territorial culture than by others. However, most of them are in different ways extensions or transformations of the culture of Western Europe and North America.

Business Social Responsibility

According to Riahi (2009), an organization (such as FirstGroup plc) can actually be regarded as a deliberately constructed social unit to pursue a specific goal. In this respect, it also evoked an empathy with a pessimistic dialogue: Milton Friedman pointed out that in 1970's New York Times magazine article, the only commercial social responsibility was increased profit. In his book Capitalism Freedom he wrote that company is a tool to own shareholders and will prevent individual shareholders from deciding how to dispose of their own funds if the company contributes . (M. Initially, the three authors argue against other companies by expressing their beliefs on what company social responsibility should be, then further promoting their ideas. For example, TJ Rodgers believes that company social responsibility is to maximize profits by raising efficiency and lowering prices. This is more logical than John Mackey's approach and enhances social efficiency. However, John Mackey believes t hat corporate social responsibility should bring value to customers and businesses in the long term, and TJ Rodgers and Milton Friedman are considering narrowing the scope I suggest that. be concerned about. However, Milton Friedman believes that social responsibility of the company is to act for the owners 'own interests and that this kind of interest is to maximize shareholders' interests. Everyone is not thinking that a company should have a social conscience. Economist Milton Friedman said, Because of its loose analysis and lack of rigor, commercial social responsibility is convincing. Friedman believes that only individuals can have a sense of social responsibility. Because of its nature, business is impossible. Some experts believe that social responsibility ignores the essence of business. Business Social Responsibility According to Riahi (2009), an organization (such as FirstGroup plc) can actually be regarded as a deliberately constructed social unit to pursue a specific goal. In this respect, it also evoked an empathy with a pessimistic dialogue: Milton Friedman pointed out that in 1970's New York Times magazine article, the only commercial social responsibility was increased profit. In his book Capitalism Freedom he wrote that company is a tool to own shareholders and will prevent individual shareholders from deciding how to dispose of their own funds if the company contributes . (M. Initially, the three authors argue against other companies by expressing their beliefs on what company social responsibility should be, then further promoting their ideas. For example, TJ Rodgers believes that company social responsibility is to maximize profits by raising efficiency and lowering prices. This is more logical than John Mackey's approach and enhances social efficiency. However, John Mackey believes t hat corporate social responsibility should bring value to customers and businesses in the long term, and TJ Rodgers and Milton Friedman are considering narrowing the scope I suggest that. be concerned about. However, Milton Friedman believes that social responsibility of the company is to act for the owners 'own interests and that this kind of interest is to maximize shareholders' interests. Everyone is not thinking that a company should have a social conscience. Economist Milton Friedman said, Because of its loose analysis and lack of rigor, commercial social responsibility is convincing. Friedman believes that only individuals can have a sense of social responsibility. Because of its nature, business is impossible. Some experts believe that social responsibility ignores the essence of business. Business Social Responsibility According to Riahi (2009), an organization (such as FirstGroup plc) can actually be regarded as a deliberately constructed social unit to pursue a specific goal. In this respect, it also evoked an empathy with a pessimistic dialogue: Milton Friedman pointed out that in 1970's New York Times magazine article, the only commercial social responsibility was increased profit. In his book Capitalism Freedom he wrote that company is a tool to own shareholders and will prevent individual shareholders from deciding how to dispose of their own funds if the company contributes . (M. Initially, the three authors argue against other companies by expressing their beliefs on what company social responsibility should be, then further promoting their ideas. For example, TJ Rodgers believes that company social responsibility is to maximize profits by raising efficiency and lowering prices. This is more logical than John Mackey's approach and enhances social efficiency. However, John Mackey believes t hat corporate social responsibility should bring value to customers and businesses in the long term, and TJ Rodgers and Milton Friedman are considering narrowing the scope I suggest that. be concerned about. However, Milton Friedman believes that social responsibility of the company is to act for the owners 'own interests and that this kind of interest is to maximize shareholders' interests. Everyone is not thinking that a company should have a social conscience. Economist Milton Friedman said, Because of its loose analysis and lack of rigor, commercial social responsibility is convincing. Friedman believes that only individuals can have a sense of social responsibility. Because of its nature, business is impossible. Some experts believe that social responsibility ignores the essence of business.

IMC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

IMC - Essay Example Investment in large inventories believed to have an adverse effect on a firm’s cash flow as well as working capital. It basically represents a considerable portion of entire capital investment in any entity. It is in as a result essential to create a balance between the advantages of having a resources inventory of resources and the costs associated with maintenance in order to establish the optimum inventory level associated with each and every resources and keep the inventory costs minimal. Holding of stock can be quite expensive and hence controls are necessary to make sure that stock levels are kept at as low as possible. Stocks need to be controlled based on rational policies to create a balance between the cost of holding and the demand for the same. One of the approaches often adopted is the economic order quantity for stock replenishment which results into lowered holding cost reduces as well as a low total yearly inventory cost. Although maintaining exact EOQ is somet ime impossible, working within vicinity of it outcomes in lower total yearly inventory cost is possible and commendable. Holding cost is considered a straight line that directly varies with ordering quantity. This is according to the classic EOQ model and is substantially true for non-perishable products. This research will check through linear regression the relation of holding cost with time and quantity that it is a curve. Introduction In the period of recession of each and every firm is keen on to cutting their costs and inventory cost management plays a vital role in this endeavor. Managing inventory effectively is an important way of regulating costs and, as a result, improving the profitability of organization. Given that a higher quantity is not the best †¦ and a lower quantity is not similarly the best †¦ there has to be some â€Å"Economic order quantity (EOQ)† which ensures minimal total variable costs associated with the inventory (Cardenas 950). Total v ariable costs are often computed based on a yearly terms and incorporates two components, which are the costs of ordering and holding inventory. Yearly ordering cost is defined as the number of orders that one places multiplied by the marginal or incremental cost one incurs for every order. This incremental cost incorporates various components such as the costs of preparing purchase orders, making pay for vendor's invoice, as well costs associated with inspection and handling of the material upon arrival. It is not easy to estimate these components precisely but a ball?park figure is good a good option for doing this. The holding costs are used within the EOQ model needs to also be marginal in nature. Such may include although not limited to insurance, taxes, as well as storage charges (Liberatore 394). Some of the entities also include the interest cost associated with the money tied up within the inventory. In classical EOQ model, as the quantity rises holding cost as well rise pr oportionally i.e. it remains lineal to the time function although in real life, the cumulative holding cost is indeed a convex time function due to the fact that the handling and holding costs work side by side to rise alongside cumulative rise in daily cost due to wastage, pilferage as well as obsolescence (Liberatore 395). This is however not common with non-perishable goods such as

Current Problems With Migrant Workers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Current Problems With Migrant Workers - Essay Example In simple terms, migration can be defined as the process of the movement of people from one place to another occurs for better living prospects or job opportunities. Migration usually occurs internally and externally. In other words, migration cane takes place within the boundaries of the country and also between different countries. Globalization, liberalization and privatization like modern economic principles gave momentum to the migration activities. Countries like India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka etc have excessive labor forces and lesser job opportunities whereas countries or regions such as America, Europe, Middle East have excessive job opportunities and lesser manpower. In order to keep a balance between the number of labor force and the number of opportunities, countries often encourage migration activities. Even though migration is a kind of fortune exploration, it is not necessary that all the migrants may get better fortunes because of migration. In fact migrant workers are fa cing lot of personal, social and family problems in their workplace which is situated in locations other than their native places. In most of the cases, workers are usually comfortable in working near their native places because of their better awareness about the local culture and working environment. However, migrant workers forced to work in entirely new places which could be extremely different; socially, linguistically, legally, politically and economically from their native places. All these parameters can create huge problems to the migrant workers and their families. This paper analyses the current problems facing by migrant workers and the possible solutions for this problem. Current problems with migrant workers The latest changes in the UK government's managed migration policy with the introduction of a new Points-Based System have been recognized as privileging White European economic migrant workers - including those from Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries - a t the expense of low-skilled (non-White) workers from outside of the European Union (Pemberton & Stevens, 2010, p.1289). Europe is a region which is facing severe manpower shortage virtually in all the critical areas of employment. People from all over the world are currently working at different parts of Europe. For example, in majority of the European hospitals, a substantial portion of the working nurses are from Asian countries. Since the integration of European countries is currently taking place though European Union, many European countries have implemented different labour laws for different people. In other words, labour laws for White European economic migrant workers are entirely different from the labour laws for black people. In other words, racial discrimination in the form of labour discrimination is still prevailing in many of the European countries. The case of America is also not much different. Violence against the migrant workers are growing everywhere in the wor ld. It should be noted that people from developed countries are reluctant in accepting professions which requires hard labour. On the other hand workers from poor countries are ready to accept hard labour. Thus skilled labour shortage is one of the major problems facing by the developed countries. In America, Europe and Middle East, most of the workers working in the construction industry are from India and Pakistan. Because of the shortage of domestically available constructions workers and the huge demands for construction works, developed countries are recruiting bulk volumes of skilled workers from underdeveloped countries. Migration of workers in large volumes is causing demographic

Nursing Profession in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing Profession in Australia - Essay Example In 1856, she pressed the need for better hygiene conditions in all military hospitals of U.K. On her insistence, Royal Commission on the Health of the Army was established. It was in 1860 when the Nightingale Training School was established on two basic principles; first, that nurses should get training in hospitals and second was that nurses should live in a home devoted to discipline and moral life. Through this school, Nightingale transformed nursing from its disreputable past to a respectable career for all. (Florence Nightingale)Nursing Profession in AustraliaIt was in 1902, that the Australian Army Nursing Service was formed and since then more than 6,700 nurses have served not only in two world wars but in the wars of Korean, Vietnam, and the Gulf wars. (South Australians†¦)Before World War II, the training and education of nurses in Australia was modelled on apprenticeship.   Students got selected on the basis of their moral and educational standards. Students were not charged for lodging, boarding or for vocational training. After completion of the training they were supposed to provide the services to the hospital. Students used to gain valuable experience under the supervision of the 'Ward Sister' in different areas. Ward Sisters were trained and qualified nurses and capable to train student nurses. The system was known as 'Nightingale System’ and got established so firmly that it remained unchanged for several decades. (National Review†¦)... (South Australians†¦) Before World War II, the training and education of nurses in Australia was modelled on apprenticeship. Students got selected on the basis of their moral and educational standards. Students were not charged for lodging, boarding or for vocational training. After completion of the training they were supposed to provide the services to the hospital. Students used to gain valuable experience under the supervision of the 'Ward Sister' in different areas. Ward Sisters were trained and qualified nurses and capable to train student nurses. The system was known as 'Nightingale System’ and got established so firmly that it remained unchanged for several decades. (National Review†¦) Another era of nursing is said to have started from 1943 that remained until 1984.That started with the pressure on old system of training. Recurring shortages of nurses was due to resignation of many practicing nurses and also due to high dropout ratio among nurses under train ing. The reasons were mainly status of nursing, their wages, and work conditions. In 1943, the Kelly committee suggested various measures to improve the status of nurses and the complete overhauling of the training of nurses. The committee further suggested to appoint sister tutors and sister instructors to all training schools at the postgraduate level and to establish a College of Nursing. (National Review†¦) Subsequently, almost 25 years later in 1967, the Institute of Hospital Matrons of New South Wales along with Australian Capital Territory came forward to appoint a Committee to look into the various aspects of nursing. The report emphasised to prepare for training on nursing

International marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International marketing plan - Essay Example In this report, the marketing plan of IKEA to enter into the Pakistani market has been presented. The external environment analysis shows that IKEA can find huge opportunities in the Pakistan furniture industry as currently no international furniture brand is operating in the country. Although economy of Pakistan is threatened by unstable political conditions, terrorism and weak economic conditions still, the changing patterns of people and their preference for western furniture products over weigh these threats. Porter’s five forces analyses show that furniture industry of Pakistan is a highly attractive industry. The market audit shows the strengths of IKEA which can help the company to ensure a successful presence in the Pakistani market. After identifying the corporate and marketing objectives of IKEA, this report also describes a preliminary marketing plan to enter into the market. Direct investment strategy has been considered as the most suitable strategy for IKEA to en ter into the industry. The report also describes the marketing mix of IKEA. The company will keep its IKEA concept to promote its products and services in Pakistan. INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCT Ingvar Kamprad Elmtaryd Agunnaryd (IKEA) is a Swedish company. From 1954 to 2010, the number of stores of IKEA has grown from 1 to 316 stores (http://franchisor.ikea.com/showContent.asp?swfId=facts1). The company has been developed to offer low price and modern home furnishings to the consumers. Unlike other home furnishing retailers, IKEA focuses on providing a combination of low price and good design and functionality to the consumers which never goes out of fashion. Today, the company is printing its catalogue in 25 languages and circulate in 35 countries around the world (http://franchisor.ikea.com/showContent.asp?swfId=catalogue9). Moreover, the stores of IKEA attract around 600 million visitors (http://franchisor.ikea.com/showContent.asp?swfId=store9). IKEA is currently targeting countries f rom Europe, North America, Australia, Asia Pacific and Caribbean. In Asia Pacific, company has been able to enter into China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan and Singapore. In this report, the marketing plan of IKEA to enter into the Pakistani market has been presented. Pakistan appears to be an attractive market for IKEA because the westernisation in Pakistan is increasing very rapidly and people are seeking to import western clothes, home furnishings and other products. Therefore, in this report, the plan of establishing IKEA store in Pakistan has been presented. The store will initially offer home furniture products in Pakistan. ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS PESTLE Analysis Political Pakistan is facing high political instability which influences both the consumers and businesses. The decline of exports of furniture since 2007 is because of the political and economic problems especially load shedding (Arifeen, 2010). However, direct political influence is very less on furniture retailer s. Government has very weak regulatory control in the furniture industry

Human Rights Violation of North Korean Refugees Essay

Human Rights Violation of North Korean Refugees - Essay Example Issues related to human rights violation have also emerged and their status under international law as legal personalities have been persistent issues brought under the international courts. This paper shall primarily discuss human rights violations against North Korean refugees. It will first provide an overview of why these North Koreans became refugees in the first place. It shall then discuss how their refugee status has been evaluated under international law. A discussion on the discriminatory acts against these refugees will also be presented. North Korean domestic laws in relation to these refugees shall also be discussed. China’s response to accusations of negative treatment will also be presented. This paper is being carried out in order to establish a clear understanding of North Korean refugees and how their status has been managed under international laws. ... About 90% of its border is shared with China. China has tolerated some of these refugees to a certain extent, however, these refugees are primarily considered as nuisances, especially as these refugees often engage in problematic activities like stealing, human trafficking, forgery of passports, and organized crime5. The international legal resources which provide assistance to refugees include the UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol of such convention6. Refugees are defined as individuals fleeing their home country due to persecution of fear of being persecuted by reason of race, religion, nationality, or political opinion and due to these same reasons cannot find protection in his country7. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees is the UN agency which is concerned with the protection of refugees and other individuals displaced by conflicts and disasters. This agency ensures that the human rights of these refugees are protected. North Korean refugee s are under the protection of this agency, however, throughout the years, these refugees have still experienced much hardship from their host countries8. Many of these refugees have suffered various human rights violations from their host countries. Women have been vulnerable to rape, prostitution, and forced marriages. Refugees who have made it to China are said to suffer from the constant threat of being discovered by authorities, and many of them are living in abject poverty or are working low paying menial jobs9. China’s response or policies towards North Koreans has mostly been negative. Although it is party to the Refugee Convention and Protocol, China has prevented the UNHCR access to these refugees, arguing that these refugees

Analysis of the Article Written by Deepak Lal for the Business Research Paper

Analysis of the Article Written by Deepak Lal for the Business Standard Regarding Global Financial Crisis - Research Paper Example The savings are recycled through the international banking system on a regular basis to fuel demand. Second, cheap credit given by banks without checking the creditworthiness of the borrowers. Thirdly, the rise in the commodity prices also contributed a lot to the financial crisis and Lastly, according to him is the bailout sought by some irresponsible banks from the taxpayers telling them otherwise it will lead to the complete wiping of the financial institution. He says that the 1980 crisis was resolved when the banks hugely wrote off their Third World debt, sacked their reckless managers and shareholders also suffered large losses. But, eventually, it all came under control without threatening the world economy on a large scale. Whereas, in the current times the global financial system is sinking and bailouts are no longer an exception but have become a routine affair. The difference in outcome is because that even in the 1970s surplus money was recycled but it was done by the off -shore branches of the Parent Bank, bringing no risk to the Western Banking system, even if there was a default. Whereas, the current crisis stems from UK's financial liberalisation in the 1980s, and the Clinton era abolition of the Glass-Steagall Act, which had kept a firewall between the commercial and investment banking parts of the financial system since the 1930s. In these times no difference was kept between the Payments/deposit system of the banks and the investment banking.